Pearson edexcel level 1level 2 gcse 9 1 in chemistry 1ch0. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane. Fractional distillation of crude oil flashcards quizlet. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions a tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of crude oil. Fractional distillation is the most common form of separation technology used in petroleum refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas processing and cryogenic air separation plants. In order to make it useful for a wide range of purposes, it undergoes fractional distillation where the different lengths of alkanes are separated. Crude oil contains a mixture of hydrocarbons grouped into fractions with different boiling points. This is done by a process called fractional distillation. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Fractional distillation takes place at an oil refinery. Hydrocarbon molecules are only made of a chemical combination of carbon and. Fractional distillation, example 6 mark answer youtube. Nov 1, 2017 fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 refining is the manufacture of petroleum products from crude oil.
Distillation separation and purification edexcel gcse. In general, shorter chain hydrocarbons are more useful than longer chains. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Organic chemistry structured questions bbc bitesize. The resulting fractions have different uses depending on their properties, and some fractions are more useful than others. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions. Make a list of the fractions found in crude oil with their properties including boiling point, viscosity and flammability.
For aqa science a fractional distillation crude oil lesson two part. The aqa gcse science textbooks are in the aqa approval process. This is a quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and was created by member mrs lusty. Aug 18, 2019 therefore, a fractional distillation is required for this process. Fractional distillation title the many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures.
Crude oil i will be using crude oil as a recurring example during my powerpoint it represent the mixture. How crude oil is formed how crude oil is separated using fractional distillation the process of fractional distillation some of the common products of. Fractional distillation how oil refining works howstuffworks. Investigate the fractional distillation of synthetic crude oil and the ease of ignition and.
Fractional distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Fractional distillation of crude oil the student room. Liquid crude oil is heated to around 350c in a fractionating column and the crude oil vapour is passed into the column. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. Making crude oil useful learning intention we are learning about how crude oil is separated into fractions and why. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of crude oil duration. Figure 2 shows a column used to separate crude oil. Aqa gcse chemistry for combined science student book sample. Crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Crude oil can be separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation. The fractional distillation of crude oil resource rsc education. The process separates the many hydrocarbons in crude oil into useful fractions. How crude oil is formed how crude oil is separated using fractional distillation the process of fractional distillation.
An equipment list and brief method for this experiment are below. Free support resources for chemistry for you 5th edition. Distillation i mit digital lab techniques manual duration. Detailed revision notes on the topic fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is used to separate the fractions of hydrocarbons present in crude oil.
If you want to learn about crude oil from a true chemical perspective, check out the third lecture in this toprated chemistry 101 course, which deals with one of the most interesting and relevant aspects of chemistry. Nov, 2017 in this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. The different compounds in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is separated into different hydrocarbons molecules which are made of just carbon and hydrogen. Production of refinery gas, light gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and residue fractions. To find out the products formed when hydrocarbons burn, the apparatus below is used. When this happens, all the crude oil evaporates and the vapour or gas rises through the column 2. Learn crude oil chemistry with free interactive flashcards. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane, fuel gas, lpg, gasoline, petrol, diesel oil, gas oil, naphtha, paraffin, kerosine, bitumen, lubricating oil, waxes gcse chemistry revision notes igcse revising ks4 science, 2015.
It is evaporated to vapour and it rises up the column. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials. Edexcel international gcse chemistry student book second edition 9781510405202. To make crude oil useful, batches of similar compounds with similar properties need to.
To find out the products formed when hydrocarbons burn, the apparatus. It is an exceptionally valuable resource that is made up mostly of alkanes. How does fractional distillation of crude oil work. In industry, such as in the fractional distillation of crude oil see. This video explains how crude oil is separated into different fractions using fractional distillation.
As i mentioned above, crude oil is a mixture of different compounds. Qwc 6 mark answer practice secondary science 4 all. Fractional distillation gcse chemistry will we continue to learn about organic chemistry after crude oil has finished. Fractional distillation of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties. As organic chem alkanes aqa a level chemistry crude oil can someone explain distillation. Gcse revision notes chemistry revision notes organic chemistry 1. Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have different boiling points. They are called hydrocarbons because they only contain the elements hydrogen and carbon.
Crude oil substitute highly flammable and harmful see cleapss hazcard and cleapss recipe book. Separating crude oil gcse chemistry single science revision. Therefore, distillation is a feasible separation technique. Therefore, a fractional distillation is required for this process. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. Structured questions with one to four marks usually start with command words. Crude oil is useless until we separate this mixture using fractional distillation. Fraction are groups of compounds with carbon chains of similar length. The fractional distillation of crude oil produces many organic molecules. This process separates the different components of crude oil so that they can be further refined. Although the crude oil enters the fractionating column as a vapour or a gas, many of the fractions are collected as liquids. Chemistry for edexcel international gcse hodder education. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. Jul 03, 2012 gcse chemistry worksheet fractional distillation with best price and finish evaluation from a variety item for all item.
Heating the mixture of the substances of crude oil liquids with different boiling points to a. Chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil. A short videoaudio guide explaining the essentials of fractional distillation. Gcse chemistry products from oil medium demand questions questionsheet 14 some of the products of the distillation of crude oil are used as fuels. Crude oil is heated at the bottom of a fractionating column. You will find small variations of this table in different textbooks.
State what must be done to the crude oil before it enters the fractionating column. Different substances have different boiling points, at which they start to evaporate or condense again. Fractional distillation is used to separate the components of crude oil and to separate nitrogen and oxygen from liquid air. On the right, you can see several chemical processors. At the refinery these are separated into fractions which are more useful. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractions and useful products. Play this quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and show off your skills. Designed for test prep, this high res animation is comprehensive in its coverage, and can also be used on a lar. Choose from 500 different sets of crude oil chemistry flashcards on quizlet.
Crude oil is the untouched oil as it comes out of the ground. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. When crude oil reaches the refinery it is a thick black, smelly liquid. Fractional distillation organic chemistry, organic. Immiscible liquids are separated using a separating funnel. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. The fractional distillation of crude oil carries out several steps. If a question starts with the command word state, give, name or write. In this online course, learn about the key subjects in science. Developments in the analysis of multicomponent distillation problems. I was wondering whether distillation of crude oil always yields the same ratios of fuel or if that ratio can be influenced. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of.
Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. I know very little about chemistry and just randomly picked numbers here. For aqa science a fractional distillationcrude oil lesson two part. Fractional distillation is useful for separating a mixture of substances with narrow differences in boiling points, and is the most important step in the refining process. Aug 01, 2014 this video explains how crude oil is separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. As the vapour goes up the column, the temperature decreases 3. Fractional distillation involves the higher boiled fractions collect near the bottom of the column while the lower boiling temps rise to the top of the fraction tray. Fractional distillation begins when the crude oil, which is a mixture of different hydrocarbons, is put into a highpressure steam boiler.
Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in. Can someone explain fractional distillation of crude oil please why is crude oil considered a fossil fuel when it isnt used as a fuel. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractional distillation gcse. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in your answer.
Nov 01, 2017 nov 1, 2017 fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 refining is the manufacture of petroleum products from crude oil. Gcse chemistry crude oil and alkanes aqa 91 duration. Uses of fractional distillation chemistry libretexts. Apr 08, 2016 different substances have different boiling points, at which they start to evaporate or condense again. The remaining method, fractional distillation, is normally used to purify quantities of crude product larger than approximately 100 g, although apparatus such as the podbielniak column, constructed of a metal helix fitted snugly into a smalldiameter glass column, have been utilized successfully to fractionate amounts less than a tenth as large. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. Crude oil is not renewable as it takes years to form, this makes it ever more precious. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more.
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